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What Is an Acquired Brain Injury?

An acquired brain injury (ABI) is a type of brain damage that occurs after birth, as opposed to being congenital or hereditary. These injuries can result from external trauma, medical conditions, or other factors that disrupt normal brain function. Given the brain’s vital role in every aspect of life—controlling movement, emotions, thought, and communication—a brain injury can dramatically alter the lives of survivors and their loved ones.

If you or a family member is dealing with an acquired brain injury, you’re likely feeling overwhelmed. Understanding the nature of this condition, its causes, symptoms, and long-term effects can help you take the necessary steps toward recovery. If your injury is due to the negligence of another person, a Philadelphia personal injury lawyer can help you seek justice and compensation through a personal injury claim

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Types and Causes of Acquired Brain Injuries

Acquired brain injuries fall into two primary categories—traumatic and non-traumatic. Both types can profoundly impact a person’s life, but they differ in how they occur.

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

A traumatic brain injury happens when an external force impacts the head. This force may cause the brain to collide with the inside of the skull, twist within the skull, or sustain direct damage. Common causes of TBIs include:

  • Car Accidents – Motor vehicle collisions are one of the leading causes of TBIs. Whether from a sudden impact, whiplash, or being struck by another object during a crash, drivers, passengers, and even pedestrians can suffer devastating injuries.
  • Falls – Falls can be particularly dangerous for children and elderly individuals. Slipping on a wet floor, tripping on an uneven surface, or falling from a height can result in a traumatic brain injury.
  • Sports Injuries – Athletes, especially those involved in contact sports like football or hockey, are at risk of concussions and more severe TBIs.
  • Violence or Assault – Physical assault, domestic violence, or gunshot wounds to the head are tragic causes of TBIs.

Non-Traumatic Brain Injuries

Unlike TBIs, non-traumatic brain injuries occur without external impact. These injuries result from internal factors like oxygen deprivation, infections, or medical conditions. Some common causes include:

  • Stroke – A stroke disrupts blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to oxygen loss and potential brain cell damage.
  • Medical Conditions – Diseases such as brain tumors, meningitis, or encephalitis can lead to serious damage to the brain.
  • Toxic Exposure – Prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals or toxins, such as carbon monoxide, can injure the brain.
  • Substance Abuse – Overuse of alcohol or drugs may cause permanent brain damage over time.
  • Lack of Oxygen (Anoxic Brain Injury) – Events like near-drowning, choking, or a heart attack can deprive the brain of oxygen, causing significant injury.

Symptoms of an Acquired Brain Injury

The symptoms of an acquired brain injury can vary widely based on the severity of the injury and the part of the brain that was affected. Some symptoms manifest immediately after an injury, while others may develop gradually over hours, days, or even weeks.

Physical Symptoms

  • Persistent headaches or migraines
  • Sensitivity to light and sound
  • Loss of balance or coordination
  • Seizures or convulsions
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
  • Fatigue or weakness

Cognitive Symptoms

  • Trouble concentrating or paying attention
  • Memory loss or difficulty recalling information
  • Challenges in problem-solving or decision-making
  • Disorganized thoughts or confusion

Behavioral and Emotional Changes

  • Irritability or mood swings
  • Feelings of depression and anxiety
  • Sudden bursts of anger or frustration
  • Withdrawal from friends and loved ones

Sensory and Communicative Difficulties

  • Blurred or double vision
  • Difficulty understanding spoken or written language
  • Slurred speech
  • Hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Even if symptoms seem minor at first, it’s vital to seek medical care immediately after any head injury or neurological concern. Early intervention can make a significant difference in recovery outcomes.

The Impact of an Acquired Brain Injury

An acquired brain injury can affect every aspect of a person’s life. This is more than just a physical injury—it’s a life-changing event that may alter emotions, relationships, and day-to-day functioning. Each survivor’s experience is unique, but some common challenges include:

Physical Limitations

Many survivors struggle with mobility or motor skills. Some may need assistive devices, such as wheelchairs or walkers, while others may relearn basic tasks like walking or feeding themselves through rehabilitation.

Cognitive Challenges

Tasks that once seemed routine—like reading, writing, or planning your day—can become difficult. These changes can frustrate survivors and make them feel isolated.

Emotional Struggles

Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in individuals with brain injuries. Survivors may grieve the loss of their “old selves” and grapple with the uncertainty of their future.

Financial Burden

The financial impact can be staggering. Medical bills, therapy sessions, medication, and time away from work add up quickly. Families often need additional help to manage these challenges, especially when the injured person was the primary wage earner.

Strained Relationships

Brain injuries don’t just affect the individual—they affect the whole family. Spouses, parents, and children may find themselves in caregiving roles while trying to process their own emotions. Communication breakdowns and misunderstandings can strain even the strongest relationships.

Rehabilitation and ongoing support offer hope, but it’s important for survivors and their loved ones to acknowledge the significant changes they’re going through. Healing takes time and involves patience, resilience, and community.

Seeking Medical Help

Seeking Medical Help

After an injury, your first priority should always be medical care. Doctors and specialists play an essential role in diagnosing the severity of the injury and identifying the right treatment plan.

Diagnosis and Assessment

Medical professionals can use a range of tools to assess brain injuries. CT scans and MRIs provide imaging of the brain, while neurological exams measure cognitive and physical function. Your care team may also work with occupational therapists, speech therapists, and other specialists to assess your specific needs.

Acute Treatment

Once diagnosed, treatment often starts with addressing immediate concerns, such as swelling, internal bleeding, or oxygen deprivation. Emergency interventions might include surgery or medication to stabilize the patient.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is a core part of recovery. Depending on the injury, this may involve:

  • Physical Therapy – To regain strength and coordination.
  • Speech and Occupational Therapy – To rebuild communication and life skills.
  • Psychological Counseling – To develop coping strategies and address emotional impacts.

With the right resources and strategies, many survivors find ways to adapt and regain their independence.

How Legal Action Can Support Your Recovery

How Legal Action Can Support Your Recovery

For those whose brain injuries resulted from another party’s actions—whether due to negligence, recklessness, or intentional harm—pursuing legal help can be just as important as seeking medical care. Compensation from a personal injury claim may help cover the costs of medical treatment, lost income, and the emotional toll of living with a brain injury.

Steps to Take After an Injury

If you believe someone else’s actions caused your injury, consider the following steps:

  1. Document the Incident – Gather evidence, including photos, videos, and witness statements.
  2. Keep Medical Records – Maintain a detailed account of treatments, diagnoses, and costs.
  3. Consult a Legal Professional – Whether it’s a car accident, workplace injury, or medical malpractice, an experienced attorney can help you understand your rights and guide you through the legal process.

Moving Forward with Hope

An acquired brain injury is a daunting challenge, but it doesn’t define you or your future. With the right medical care, support system, and resources, many survivors build fulfilling lives despite their limitations. Remember to seek care early, be open about your struggles, and lean on the people who want to help you.

If your injury was caused by someone else’s negligence, you deserve to hold them accountable. At Leonard Hill – Personal Injury Lawyers And Car Accident Lawyers, we understand the life-altering consequences of brain injuries. With over 50 years of combined legal experience, our compassionate team is here to stand by your side. We’ll help you fight for the compensation you need to rebuild your life and move forward. 

Contact us today to schedule at (215) 567-7600 or through our online form for a free, no-obligation consultation. You don’t have to face this alone—together, we can find a path to recovery.